How Potential 2025 Tax Changes Could Impact Your Dental Practice and Personal Finances

With Trump’s proposed 2025 tax law changes on the horizon, it’s crucial for dental practice owners and their families to stay informed about how these updates might shape their financial strategies. While we can’t know if the proposals discussed during the campaign will pan out in the end, it is still important to understand what they are and how they can impact your dental practice and personal financial planning. 

Below, we’ve summarized some of the the proposals, focusing first on business-related changes and then on those that could affect your personal finances.

Potential Tax Changes Impacting Dental Practices 

1. Restoring TCJA Business Tax Provisions

  • What It Is: A proposal to reinstate business-friendly provisions from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), such as 100% bonus depreciation, research and development expensing, and interest deduction limitations.
  • Government Impact: This is expected to increase gross national product (GNP) by 0.5% and add 119,000 jobs but reduce tax revenue by $643 billion over 10 years.
  • What It Means for You: These changes would allow your dental practice to benefit from significant deductions on investments like new equipment or technology. This could free up cash flow for reinvestment in your business.

2. Encouraging Domestic Production

  • What It Is: A deduction of 28.5% for domestic production activities, effectively reducing corporate tax rates on qualifying activities to 15%.
  • Government Impact: Expected to increase GNP by 0.2% and add 38,000 jobs, but it could reduce tax revenue by $361.4 billion over 10 years.
  • What It Means for You: Dental practices that rely on domestically manufactured supplies or equipment could see lower costs and additional tax savings, making it easier to invest in your practice.

3. Extending the Opportunity Zone (OZ) Program

  • What It Is: Extending the OZ program, which provides tax benefits for investments in underserved communities.
  • Government Impact: Stimulates community development by encouraging housing, infrastructure, and business growth in underserved areas.
  • What It Means for You: If you’re considering opening a new location in an underserved area, the OZ program could offer tax deferrals or exemptions, making expansion more financially viable.

Potential Tax Changes Impacting Individuals

1. Permanent Gift and Estate Tax Exemptions

  • What It Is: Maintaining the current lifetime gift and estate tax exemption of $13.99 million per spouse.
  • Government Impact: Expected to reduce tax revenue by $205.6 billion over 10 years with minimal economic effects.
  • What It Means for You: This simplifies estate planning and makes it easier for high-net-worth families to pass on wealth to future generations.

2. No Tax on Tips

  • What It Is: A proposal to exempt tips from income taxes, though employment taxes would still apply.
  • Government Impact: This would have a negligible effect on GNP but would reduce tax revenue by $118 billion over 10 years.
  • What It Means for Your Practice: While it won’t directly impact dentists, exempting tips from taxes could benefit service industry employees, potentially easing wage pressures.

3. Exempting Overtime Pay from Federal Income Tax

  • What It Is: A proposal to exempt overtime pay from federal income taxes.
  • Government Impact: Expected to increase GNP by 0.3%, create 405,000 jobs, and reduce tax revenue by $747.6 billion over 10 years.
  • What It Means for You: If your practice employs hourly staff, this could make overtime work more appealing, helping you retain staff and cover busy periods more effectively.

4. Federal Income Tax Exemption for Social Security Benefits

  • What It Is: Eliminating federal income taxes on Social Security benefits.
  • Government Impact: Projected to increase GNP by 0.1%, add 55,000 jobs, and reduce tax revenue by $1.2 trillion over 10 years.
  • What It Means for You: Retirees, particularly those in higher tax brackets, could see significant savings, making this a boost for retirement planning.

Looking Ahead

These potential changes highlight the importance of staying proactive with your financial and tax strategies. While some updates offer new opportunities for growth and savings, others may introduce challenges that require careful planning.

By working closely with us, you can position your dental practice and personal finances to accommodate these changes successfully. Reach out to our team today to discuss how these proposals might impact your future.

Understanding Changes in Digital Asset Reporting for Dental Practices

With the rise of cryptocurrencies and other digital assets, the IRS has been expanding its focus on ensuring proper tax compliance in this evolving space. Significant changes to digital asset reporting will affect businesses, including dental practices. These changes primarily center around reporting obligations and the expiration of safe harbor provisions. 

What is the Digital Asset Reporting Rule?

Digital asset reporting refers to the requirement that businesses and individuals disclose their holdings and transactions involving cryptocurrencies or other digital assets. This mandate was first introduced as part of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) signed into law in 2021. The law requires brokers to report cryptocurrency transactions to the IRS and provide information to the account holder, similar to how traditional financial institutions report stock or bond sales.

The IRS expanded its definition of brokers to include entities facilitating cryptocurrency exchanges and transactions, meaning that dental practices may now have more stringent reporting obligations if they handle digital assets.

What Does the Expiration of the Safe Harbor Mean?

Since the IIJA passed, a transitional safe harbor has been in place to provide taxpayers some flexibility in adjusting to the new reporting rules. Under this safe harbor, taxpayers were not penalized for underreporting or failing to report certain digital assets if they made a good faith effort to comply.

However, this safe harbor expires on January 1, 2025. This means that starting in 2025, dental practices and other businesses that deal with digital assets will be fully accountable for meeting the reporting requirements. Failure to comply could lead to penalties, audits, or other tax-related consequences.

Key Changes and What to Expect 

Several changes in the IRS’s approach to digital asset reporting will take effect in 2025, which dental practice owners should be aware of:

  1. Broader Reporting Requirements: Businesses will need to report all cryptocurrency transactions to the IRS, including those made on behalf of patients or as part of payment for services. This also applies to indirect exchanges and sales through third-party platforms.
  2. New Reporting Forms: The IRS will require businesses to use new reporting forms, such as the Form 1099-DA, which will document transactions related to digital assets, similar to the traditional Form 1099-B for securities.
  3. Penalties for Non-Compliance: Once the safe harbor ends, failure to comply with the new digital asset reporting requirements can result in significant penalties. Businesses may face audits or fines for underreporting or failing to report cryptocurrency transactions.
  4. Clarification on Digital Asset Definitions: The IRS has expanded the definition of “digital assets” to include not only cryptocurrencies but also NFTs and other digital tokens. Practices that accept any form of these digital assets will need to ensure proper documentation and reporting.

What Dental Practices Should Do to Prepare

With the expiration of the safe harbor fast approaching, dental practices should take the following steps to ensure they remain compliant with IRS rules:

  • Review Existing Digital Asset Policies: Practices that accept cryptocurrency or other digital assets as payment should assess their current practices for recording and reporting these transactions.
  • Consult with E&A: Given the complexities surrounding digital asset taxation, consulting with tax professionals who understands the specific requirements for digital assets is crucial. 
  • Upgrade Financial Tracking Systems: If your practice deals with digital assets, make sure your accounting and payment systems are equipped to properly track these transactions for IRS reporting.
  • Educate Staff: Ensure that your practice managers and financial staff are up to speed on the new reporting obligations. Having clear processes for handling cryptocurrency payments and other digital assets will be critical for compliance in 2025 and beyond.

As the IRS continues to increase its focus on digital assets, it is vital for dental practices to stay proactive and compliant. With the expiration of the safe harbor, proper reporting is no longer optional, and penalties for failing to meet IRS standards can be significant. Now is the time to review your practice’s digital asset policies and ensure you are prepared for the changes that will come into effect in 2025.

For more detailed guidance, dental practice owners should reach out to us to help them navigate these updates and avoid costly mistakes.

Understanding What you Can (and Can’t) Write-Off for Your Dental Practice

On a recent episode of Beyond Bitewings, we tackled some of the most common—and occasionally amusing—questions we receive from dental practice owners. The main focus is on a hot topic: vehicle write-offs. Let’s break down the conversation and explore what you need to know before deciding to write off that new ride.

Can I Deduct My New Car Purchase?

One of the most frequently asked questions we get from dental practice owners is whether they can write off a newly purchased vehicle. The answer, as with many things in tax law, is “it depends.”

  • Business Use Matters: For a vehicle to qualify for a deduction, it must be used primarily for business purposes—at least 50% of the time. This usage ratio is crucial. If your dental practice requires you to travel between multiple locations or regularly transport supplies, you might be in luck. However, if your business use is less than 50%, you may only be able to deduct a portion of the expenses, such as through the mileage rate.
  • Vehicle Type Counts: The type of vehicle also influences how much you can deduct. Heavier vehicles, those weighing more than 6,000 pounds, may qualify for more significant deductions under the Section 179 rule, but again, their primary use must be business-related. Your typical compact car used mainly for commuting? Not so much.
  • Beware the Sales Pitch: One of the most significant points raised was a caution against taking tax advice from your car salesperson. While they may claim that you can write off your new car purchase, the reality is more nuanced. Factors such as income limitations, vehicle weight, and business use percentage all play a role in what can actually be deducted. In other words, don’t let a good sales pitch lead you to believe you’ll get a tax break that doesn’t really apply to your situation.

The Changing Landscape of Business Travel

Another interesting takeaway from the episode is how the traditional use of vehicles for business purposes has shifted. Gone are the days when dental practice owners would need to drive to the bank, post office, or even Continuing Education (CE) events. With everything now accessible online or delivered to your doorstep, justifying business mileage for these activities is much harder.

What About the EV Credit?

In recent years, many dental professionals have shown interest in electric vehicles, partly due to the potential for a federal tax credit. However, Lorraine Kent, tax manager at Edwards & Associates, points out that high-income earners—like most dentists—often don’t qualify for the electric vehicle (EV) credit due to income limitations. So, before you sign on the dotted line for that new Tesla, be sure to consult with your tax advisor to see if you’re eligible for the credit.

Gifts and Incentives: Tread Carefully

In another part of the discussion, the team addressed the issue of gifts. Say you want to reward your top-performing associate with a nice gift—perhaps a Rolex. You might think this is a great way to show appreciation, but the IRS has different ideas. Business gifts are generally limited to $25 per person per year. Anything above that has to be reported as wages, which means it’s subject to payroll taxes. So, while a luxury watch might seem like a generous gift, it could complicate your tax situation significantly.

The Bottom Line

Vehicle write-offs and other deductions can be valuable, but only if they’re handled correctly. As a dental practice owner, it’s crucial to have a trusted advisor who can guide you through these complex issues and help you make the best decisions for your practice. If you have questions or need help understanding what’s deductible and what’s not, don’t hesitate to reach out to the team at Edwards & Associates. We are here to help you navigate the financial intricacies of your dental practice with clarity and confidence.

For more information on tax strategies tailored to dental practices, check out other pages on our website and listen to the full podcast episode on Beyond Bitewings. Stay tuned for more insightful discussions on managing the business side of dentistry!

IRS Opens Second Employee Retention Credit Voluntary Disclosure Program

The Employee Retention Credit was created to provide financial relief of up to $26,000 per employee to businesses that retained employees by subsidizing wages during the pandemic. However, many businesses, including dental practices, fell prey to aggressive marketing by deceitful companies that intentionally misled people into believing they were eligible for these credits when they were not. A promise of free money is hard to turn down, so many businesses decided to take the gamble that the IRS would not catch up to them while others unknowingly claimed the credit that did not qualify.

Once the IRS started looking into these claims, they found that up to 90% of them contain some type of fraud and sent more than 25,000 disallowance letters to claimants as of early August 2024. But also knowing that many businesses were duped into filing ERC claims, they launched a voluntary repayment program that ended in March 2024. Now, the IRS has launched a second ERC voluntary disclosure program with a deadline of November 22, 2024, so businesses can correct their mistakes and avoid potential audits, fines, and requirements to repay the credit. 

Common warning signs

Dental practices that claimed ERCs should carefully reassess their claims, especially if third-party firms assisted with the filing. Common red flags that could indicate a fraudulent ERC claim include:

  1. Practices that remained fully operational and did not experience a significant decline in gross receipts may not qualify for the ERC. 
  2. Some businesses misunderstood what constitutes a full or partial suspension under a government order, and many of the ERC mills relied on this confusion. Simply facing challenges during the pandemic doesn’t qualify as a suspension. Dental practices were considered “essential businesses” in almost every location and were not subject to many of the closure mandates.  Therefore, this aspect applied for a very limited period and a few limited geographical locations during 2020 only. If your claim was based solely on a full or partial suspension, your ERC may be considered erroneous.  
  3. Claiming wages paid to family members can lead to problems, as these claims are often ineligible or calculated incorrectly.
  4. Wages that were counted towards PPP loan forgiveness cannot also be claimed for ERC. Double-dipping in this manner is a common error.

What to do now

If you are concerned that some or all of your claim may not be accurate, we encourage you to do the following:

  1. Review your claims: It’s essential to thoroughly review all ERC claims to ensure compliance with IRS rules and all claimed quarters and wages meet eligibility requirements.
  2. Reach out to us: We understand the complexities of the ERC, can provide guidance on the voluntary disclosure program, and can help you correct any errors in past claims.
  3. Participate in the disclosure program: If you suspect your practice may have claimed the ERC incorrectly, consider enrolling in the IRS’s voluntary disclosure program before the November 22, 2024, deadline. This proactive step can help you avoid future interest, penalties and even up to five years in jail.
  4. Stay updated: Tax regulations are constantly evolving. We will continue to provide you with the latest updates on ERC rules and other relevant tax credits, but if you have specific questions, don’t hesitate to call us.

Correcting ERC claims through the voluntary disclosure program can prevent more severe consequences down the line. Not only does this protect your practice’s finances, but it also maintains your credibility and trustworthiness as a business. Don’t wait until it’s too late – review your ERC claims and ensure your practice complies with IRS guidelines. If you need assistance, our team is ready to help.

Boost Employee Benefits with Student Loan Matching Contributions

When it is hard to find employees, dental practices that can bring something to the table that attracts – and retains – good team members will win the war for talent. Here’s something to consider: expand your retirement savings plan to match employee student loan payments. 

Based on the guidance provided in IRS Notice 2024-63, dental practices can help employees grow their retirement savings, even if those employees are currently prioritizing paying off student loans. This option applies to retirement plans years beginning after December 31, 2023, so you can implement it right away too. Here’s a closer look at what this means for dental practice employers and their teams: 

  • New Matching Opportunities: Employers can now match qualifying student loan payments, allowing employees to benefit from retirement savings growth while managing their educational debt. This is a strategic move, especially for dental practices looking to retain younger staff who may be burdened by student loans.
  • Certification Process: Employees will need to certify that their student loan payments qualify for these matching contributions. This ensures that the benefits are accurately distributed and that employees receive the retirement contributions they deserve.
  • Flexible Plan Integration: The IRS guidance offers flexibility in how dental practices can integrate these matching contributions into their existing retirement plans. Employers can adopt procedures that fit within their unique plan structures, making the transition smoother.
  • Nondiscrimination Testing Adjustments: To accommodate this new benefit, the IRS has provided special relief from certain nondiscrimination tests for 401(k) plans. This helps ensure that offering student loan matching contributions won’t lead to compliance challenges.

Why This Matters for Dental Practices

By implementing this new option, dental practices can strengthen their employee benefits package, particularly appealing to staff members who are managing student debt. This can improve employee satisfaction and retention, contributing to a more stable and committed workforce.

What Next?

Dental practice owners should consider how this new guidance could enhance their retirement plan offerings. If you’re interested in exploring how to implement these changes in your practice – even if you aren’t currently a client – don’t hesitate to reach out for expert advice tailored to your specific needs. We can help ensure your plan is compliant and optimized for both your practice and employees.

Solving Common Dental Practice Challenges with Virtual Assistants

In a recent Beyond Bitewings episode, Beth Lachance, the founder and CEO of Global Medical Virtual Assistants, joined the discussion to share insights on how virtual assistants are transforming the operations of dental practices and highlighted the growing trend of remote staffing as a solution for the administrative challenges faced by dental professionals. Her company specializes in providing virtual assistants who manage tasks like front desk operations, insurance verifications, and revenue cycle management, which are crucial yet time-consuming for practice owners.

Beth emphasized that many dental practices struggle with the demands of running a business while trying to focus on patient care, a topic we cover frequently on Beyond Bitewings. The administrative burden often falls on front desk staff, leading to inefficiencies and potential burnout. Virtual assistants offer a way to offload these tasks, allowing in-house teams to focus on patient care and improving the overall efficiency of the practice.

One of the key points Beth made was the cost-effectiveness of using virtual assistants – who can cost significantly less than employing full-time, in-house staff – without sacrificing quality. These virtual assistants are often dedicated exclusively to the practice they are assigned to, ensuring consistent and personalized service.

Moreover, virtual assistants can help practices scale more effectively by managing the administrative workload, thereby freeing up resources for growth. This is particularly important in the post-COVID era, where staffing challenges and rising operational costs have made it difficult for many practices to maintain profitability.

Beth also addressed concerns about the personal touch in patient care, assuring listeners that her virtual assistants are highly trained professionals who can seamlessly integrate into the practice’s workflow, just like any other remote employee. 

The episode provides valuable insights into how dental practices can leverage virtual assistants to streamline operations, reduce costs, and improve patient care. For dental professionals looking to optimize their practice management, exploring virtual assistance could be a game-changer. If you are interested in learning more, you can download Beth’s book, Best Tasks to Delegate to a Medical Virtual Assistant, on their website.

Understanding the New IRS Rules for Retirement Account Withdrawals

The IRS has made important changes to how you must withdraw money from your retirement accounts. Knowing these new rules is important for good tax and financial planning. Here’s a simple overview of what’s changed and what it means for you.

Key Changes in the Rules

  • Raising the Age for Withdrawals: In the past, you had to start taking money out of your retirement accounts at age 70½. This was later moved to age 72, and now, starting in 2023, it’s been moved to age 73. In 2033, this age will increase to 75. These changes give you more time to grow your savings before you have to start taking money out.
  • Changes for Inherited Retirement Accounts: Before, if you inherited a retirement account, you could spread the withdrawals over your lifetime. Now, if you inherit an account, you might have to empty it within 10 years. This rule applies to accounts inherited after December 31, 2019.
  • Who Is Affected by the 10-Year Rule?: The 10-year rule mostly applies to people who aren’t considered “eligible beneficiaries.” Eligible beneficiaries include spouses, minor children, disabled or chronically ill individuals, and those close in age to the person who passed away. If you’re an eligible beneficiary, you can still spread the withdrawals over your lifetime. If not, you’ll need to withdraw all the money within 10 years.
  • Annual Withdrawals: If the original account owner had already started taking money out, the person inheriting the account will usually need to continue taking money out each year. This prevents you from letting the money grow for 10 years and then taking it all out at once.

What Should You Do?

  • Update Your Beneficiaries: Make sure your retirement accounts list the right people to inherit your money according to your wishes.
  • Consider Roth IRA Conversions: Converting traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs might help your heirs save on taxes. Roth IRAs don’t require withdrawals during your lifetime, and your heirs can withdraw the money tax-free.
  • Plan for Taxes: The new rules can make taxes more complicated. Planning ahead can help you avoid paying too much.
  • Think About Using Trusts: Setting up trusts can give you more control over how your money is distributed to your heirs.

These changes bring new opportunities and challenges, so careful planning is important. For advice tailored to your situation, contact us. We specialize in helping people like you navigate these rules and make the most of your retirement savings.

Legislation to Expand Tax Breaks Voted Down by U.S. Senate

A significant piece of tax legislation was rejected by the US Senate last week even though it passed overwhelmingly by the US House in January 2024. This decision can impact both families and businesses, so we wanted to break down what it means for each. 

What Was in the Bill?

  • Child Tax Credit Expansion: The bill sought to increase the amount of the child tax credit and potentially expand eligibility to families that did not qualify before. 
  • Business Tax Breaks: The bill proposed to restore tax deductions and credits, including for equipment, interest costs, and research and development activities. These were not new breaks, but ones that had lapsed. 

Impact on Dental Practices and Families

  • For Families: The proposed child tax credit expansion will not go into effect. Those that currently qualify can still take advantage of the credit, but it will not be expanded to cover more families. 
  • For Dental Practices: For those that anticipated more easily writing off 100% of the cost of new equipment in the first year, that is now off the table. You will need to continue operating under the existing tax framework. 

Optimize Your Tax Situation

While this may not have been the outcome some had hoped for, there are still plenty of ways to take advantage of existing laws. There are myriad other tax credits and deductions for which both families and businesses may still qualify. We encourage all of our clients to take advantage of early tax planning so we can determine which ones will help lower your overall tax liabilities and optimize your tax strategy for this year and the future as well. 

Proactive tax planning is one of the keys to financial success, regardless of legislative changes. Reach out to us with questions or to schedule a consultation. 

Ideas for Independent Dental Practices Competing Against DSOs

In this, the second of three podcast synopses discussing some of the biggest issues facing dental practices today, we focus on ways that smaller practices can differentiate themselves from corporate providers. (Go here to read the first post in this series, and here to listen to the podcast episode on which this article is based.)

In a dental market increasingly dominated by Dental Service Organizations (DSOs), small practices need strategic advantages to remain competitive. DSOs leverage economies of scale, enabling them to access lower costs and broader resources, making them formidable competitors, particularly in terms of pricing and operational efficiencies. However, independent dental practices can distinguish themselves by focusing on quality, personalized service, and building a positive workplace culture.

One way they can do this is by offering exceptional customer care, something that might be diluted in larger corporate settings. This involves training staff not just in dental skills but in customer service excellence. For example, staff can make a notable difference by remembering personal details about patients – like upcoming vacations, recent marriages or births, or promotions at work – which can be noted in their profiles and mentioned during visits to create a more welcoming and personalized experience. 

Moreover, fostering a strong workplace culture is vital. Independent practices often offer a more intimate setting where employees can feel genuinely appreciated and part of a team, unlike in some larger organizations where they might feel like just another number. This can be enhanced by providing opportunities for professional development, recognizing employee contributions, and ensuring that work-life balance is respected. Practices that invest in their teams not only improve morale but can also see increased patient satisfaction, as happy employees are more likely to provide better service.

Independent practices can also differentiate themselves by focusing on the qualitative aspects of their services. This includes the way they manage patient relationships, the atmosphere of the office, and how they handle patient communications and follow-ups. Practices might consider adopting advanced customer relationship management (CRM) systems to manage these aspects more effectively, ensuring that every patient interaction is as personalized and engaging as possible.

Incentivizing staff through performance bonuses linked to patient satisfaction and online reviews is another strategy. This not only motivates staff but also helps in building a positive online presence, which is crucial to attracting new patients. Offering unique services that DSOs may not provide, such as boutique cosmetic procedures or advanced patient education sessions, can also create patient “stickiness” and encourage them to refer you to their friends and colleagues.

Finally, embracing technology is crucial. This doesn’t mean only investing in new dental technologies but also improving the digital experience for patients. Ensuring that online booking is seamless, enhancing the practice’s website, and utilizing social media effectively can significantly enhance a practice’s visibility and appeal.

By focusing on these qualitative differentiators, independent dental practices can carve out a niche in an industry increasingly inclined towards consolidation. This approach not only helps in competing with DSOs but also in building a loyal patient base that values quality and personal touch over cost alone.

At Edwards and Associates, we take pride in the fact that we know the dental industry so well. And while we focus on your practice’s financial health, we know others that provide myriad other services and are happy to make referrals that will enhance your service delivery. Reach out to us if we can help in any way!

HSA Limits Increased for 2025

In our effort to keep dental practices in Texas apprised of pertinent tax information, we wanted to let you know that the IRS recently announced the 2025 inflation adjustments for health savings accounts (HSAs) and health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs), reflecting the ongoing economic conditions. The adjustments show an increase in allowable contributions and cost thresholds for high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), which could impact financial planning for those utilizing these accounts and the available funds of your patients.

For individuals with self-only HDHP coverage, the maximum HSA contribution limit will rise to $4,300, up from $4,150. Those with family HDHP coverage will see their limit increase to $8,550 from $8,300. Additionally, the minimum deductible for an HDHP will increase slightly, as will the maximum out-of-pocket expenses allowed under the plan.

Additionally, the limit for excepted benefit HRAs will increase to $2,150, up from $2,100. These savings opportunities can play an important role in tax and overall financial planning. We encourage you to consider adjusting your contributions to take full advantage of the tax benefits provided by higher limits and prepare for increased health care costs associated with higher deductible and out-of-pocket limits.

Keeping up with these changes is crucial for optimizing healthcare spending and savings strategies next year. For more detailed information and assistance with financial planning and tax strategies, feel free to reach out to our team.

CANDIDATES’ TAX PLANS, WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

With elections around the corner, paying attention to the candidates’ tax plans is crucial. Clinton wants upper-income Americans to pay more, while Trump seeks across-the-board tax cuts.   Per The Kiplinger Tax Letter, some highlights of both candidates’ plans are:

CLINTON

    1. Raise in capital gains rates for individuals in the 39.6% bracket who sell assets they have owned for six years or less. Taking into account the 3.8% surtax on net investment income, these folks would pay tax at a 43.4% rate on gains from assets held two years or less. The rate would drop incrementally to 23.8% (the rate currently) for assets held more than six years.
    2. Surcharge on taxpayers with AGIs over $5 million.
    3. Payroll tax hikes by increasing the wage ceiling on the 6.2% Social Security tax.
    4. Cap of 28% on the value of itemized deductions (except charitable contributions).
    5. 30% minimum tax on millionaires.
    6. Restrictions on those taxpayers with large balances in their retirement plans or IRAs.
    7. Doubling of the child tax credit to $2,000 for each child up to age four.
    8. New caregiver credit of up to $1,200 to provide relief to people who help care for elderly parents or grandparents.

TRUMP

    1. Reduce individual tax rates into three tax brackets: 12%, 25%, and 33%. For married couples, the 12% rate runs to $75,000, the 25% one tops out at $225,000 and the 33% rate kicks in after that. These thresholds are cut in half for single filers.
    2. 15% business rate.
    3. Standard deductions would go up to $30,000 for joint filers and $15,000 for singles.
    4. No more personal exemptions or head-of-household filing status.
    5. Capital gains tax would stay as is.
    6. Elimination of the 0.9% and 3.8% Affordable Care Act surtaxes.
    7. Elimination of alternate minimum tax, as well as estate and gift tax.
    8. Expansion of dependent care breaks for working and stay-at-home parents and creation of tax-favored savings accounts for child development and elder care expenses.
    9. Itemization would be capped at $200,000 for couples and $100,000 for singles.

The most noticeable disagreement between the two candidates is over the Affordable Care Act (aka Obamacare):

CLINTON

  1. Increase premium tax credits.
  2. Refundable tax credit up to $2,500 to insured individuals, $5,000 for families for individuals whose out-of-pockets expenses exceed 5% of income.

TRUMP

  1. Ditch the plan completely.
  2. Give individuals an above-the-line deduction for premiums that they pay and not subjecting the write-offs to an adjusted-gross-income threshold.
  3. Rely more on HSAs to help individuals pay for coverage